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Surviving Detention

Detention is designed to break you. This guide is about how to survive with your dignity intact, protect yourself and others, resist within legal bounds, and fight your way out.


These principles can help you maintain psychological strength and resist exploitation in detention.

PrincipleApplication in Detention
SurvivePreserve your physical and mental health. You need to be strong to fight your case.
ResistDo not cooperate beyond what is legally required. Silence is resistance.
Maintain HonorDo not compromise your values. Your integrity survives with you.
Keep FightingNo matter what happens. No matter how long. Never stop fighting your case.
Stay VigilantNot everyone is who they seem. Trust carefully. Organize wisely.

I will continue to resist by all means available.

This means:

  • Exercise your right to silence
  • Refuse to sign documents without a lawyer
  • File grievances for every violation
  • Fight your case at every stage
  • Never give up — no matter what

I will give only the information I am required to give.

This means:

  • Name and basic identification only
  • “I am exercising my right to remain silent”
  • No information about family, friends, or community
  • No information about how you entered
  • Silence protects everyone

I will keep fighting no matter what.

This means:

  • Setbacks are not defeats
  • Bad news is not the end
  • Every day you resist is a victory
  • Your case is not over until you decide it’s over
  • There is always another option, another appeal, another chance

Mental preparation:

  • Decide NOW that you will remain silent
  • Rehearse the phrase: “I am invoking my right to remain silent. I want a lawyer.”
  • Visualize staying calm while they pressure you
  • Understand that they WILL lie — prepare yourself emotionally for false claims

Pre-commitment: Making the decision before you’re under pressure is critical. Under stress, people make poor decisions. Decide now, so when the moment comes, you’re executing a plan, not making a choice.

The only words you need:

"I am invoking my right to remain silent."
"I want a lawyer."
"I do not consent to a search."
"I will not answer questions without a lawyer present."

Counter-interrogation techniques:

TechniqueHow to Use
Broken recordRepeat the same phrase. Do not vary. Do not elaborate.
SilenceSay nothing at all after invoking rights
No eye contactLook at the wall. Do not engage.
Short answersIf you must respond: “Lawyer.” “No.” “I invoke my rights.”
No explanationsNever explain why you’re silent. Just be silent.

What NOT to do:

  • Don’t try to outsmart them
  • Don’t think you can talk your way out
  • Don’t answer “just one question”
  • Don’t respond to accusations with explanations
  • Don’t correct their lies (that’s talking)
  • Don’t get angry and say things you’ll regret
  • Document everything immediately (what they said, what you said, time, location)
  • Tell your lawyer everything
  • Do not discuss the interrogation with other detainees (informants)
  • Process the psychological stress — it’s normal to feel shaken
  • Reaffirm your commitment to silence for future interactions

Before anyone faces detention, establish group norms:

  1. Everyone stays silent — No exceptions
  2. Everyone asks for a lawyer — First words out of anyone’s mouth
  3. No one makes deals — Any deal offered is a lie
  4. Support those who are detained — Legal help, family support
  5. Consequences for informing — Make cooperation with interrogators costly

Based on game theory, the most effective group strategy:

PrincipleApplication
Start cooperativeEveryone stays silent
Retaliate against defectionThose who talk face social consequences
Forgive if they returnIf they recommit to silence, welcome back
Keep it simpleClear rules everyone understands

What to share:

  • What interrogation tactics they used
  • What lies they told
  • What questions they asked (reveals what they don’t know)
  • Legal resources and lawyer contacts

What NOT to share:

  • Details about other people
  • Information about your case
  • Anything that could hurt someone if repeated to authorities
  • Plans or intentions

When someone is taken for interrogation:

  • Remind them before: “Stay silent. Ask for a lawyer.”
  • Support them after: “You did the right thing. We’re with you.”
  • If they talked: Assess, but don’t abandon unless necessary
  • If they informed: Protect others; limit their access to information

If you suspect someone is an informant:

  • Do not confront them
  • Do not share sensitive information with them
  • Warn others discreetly
  • Assume anything said around them will be reported

In Frazier v. Cupp (1969), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police deception does not make a confession inadmissible. Officers can legally lie to you during interrogation and face no consequences.

What they can legally lie about:

  • Claiming to have evidence they don’t have (fingerprints, DNA, video)
  • Saying your friends or family have confessed or implicated you
  • Claiming witnesses saw you do something
  • Telling you they “just want to help you”
  • Saying cooperation will make things easier

Common lies they use:

They SayThe Reality
”We have your fingerprints at the scene”They may have nothing
”Your friend already told us everything”Your friend may have said nothing
”Just tell us what happened and you can go home”You will not go home
”We have video of you”There may be no video
”If you cooperate, the judge will go easier on you”They have no control over the judge
”We’re not immigration, we’re just police”They may be lying or may share info with ICE

Only prosecutors can make binding deals. An interrogating officer has zero authority to:

  • Promise you won’t be charged
  • Promise a lighter sentence
  • Promise you’ll be released
  • Promise anything about your case

Any “deal” offered by an officer is unenforceable. They can promise you anything, get your confession, and then prosecute you to the fullest extent.

The Reid Technique, developed in the 1950s, is the standard interrogation method used by federal and local law enforcement. It is designed to psychologically manipulate you into confessing.

How it works:

  1. Accusation — They tell you they already know you’re guilty
  2. Confrontation — They present “evidence” (often fabricated)
  3. Minimization — They suggest it’s not that bad, anyone would do it
  4. Sympathy — They pretend to understand, to be on your side
  5. Alternative questions — They offer you two explanations, both of which are confessions

The result: 29% of DNA exonerations involved false confessions — people confessing to crimes they did not commit because of these techniques.

“I am invoking my right to remain silent. I want a lawyer.”

Say this. Say nothing else. Repeat if necessary. Do not explain. Do not elaborate. Do not try to talk your way out.

The interrogation must stop once you clearly invoke your rights. But you must be unambiguous.


The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Why Silence Always Wins

Section titled “The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Why Silence Always Wins”

The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a game theory model that explains why staying silent is almost always the best strategy — and why interrogators try so hard to make you talk.

The Setup: Two people are arrested and interrogated separately. Each can either:

  • Stay Silent (cooperate with each other)
  • Talk (defect against each other)
Your ChoiceTheir ChoiceYour OutcomeTheir Outcome
SilentSilent1 year1 year
SilentTalk3 yearsGoes free
TalkSilentGoes free3 years
TalkTalk2 years each2 years each

The Lesson:

  • If you both stay silent: Best collective outcome (1 year each)
  • If you both talk: Worst collective outcome (2 years each)
  • If one talks: The talker might benefit, but only if the other stays silent

In theoretical game theory, talking might seem rational. But in real interrogation:

  1. The game is rigged — Officers can lie about what the other person said
  2. Promises are worthless — They can’t actually give you what they promise
  3. Your statements can be twisted — Anything you say can be used against you, often out of context
  4. The other person may not have talked — “Your friend already confessed” is often a lie

In practice, the payoff matrix looks more like this:

Your ChoiceActual Outcome
Stay SilentBest chance at freedom; lawyer can fight
TalkConfessed; case closed; limited options

When people face repeated interactions (community, family, fellow detainees), cooperation becomes the dominant strategy.

In Robert Axelrod’s famous prisoner’s dilemma tournaments, the winning strategy was Tit-for-Tat:

  1. Start by cooperating (staying silent)
  2. If betrayed, retaliate
  3. If they return to cooperation, forgive
  4. Keep it simple and predictable

For your community: Those who talk become known. Those who stay silent are trusted. Reputation has long-term value that outweighs any short-term interrogation “deal.”


Lessons from the Stanford Prison Experiment

Section titled “Lessons from the Stanford Prison Experiment”

In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted a prison simulation that had to be stopped after 6 days when guards became abusive and prisoners showed extreme psychological distress.

Important caveat: Modern research has revealed that guards were coached to be abusive and some prisoner reactions were faked. The experiment was flawed science.

But the real lesson is different than Zimbardo claimed:

The BBC Prison Study (2002) — conducted without researcher manipulation — found the opposite: When prisoners developed shared identity, they successfully resisted and even staged a breakout on Day 6.

Zimbardo ClaimedWhat Actually Works
People naturally become abusive in authority rolesAbusive systems are deliberately constructed
Prisoners naturally submitPrisoners with shared identity resist successfully
Situation determines behaviorGroup solidarity overcomes situational pressure

Key takeaways:

  • Detention is designed to break you — but the design can be resisted
  • Shared identity and solidarity are your most powerful tools
  • Isolation breaks resistance; connection builds it
  • You are not naturally submissive — they have to work to make you submit

In immigration proceedings, anything you say can and will be used against you. Unlike criminal court, ICE agents are not required to give Miranda warnings before questioning — they can interrogate you first and explain your rights later (or never).

Silence cannot be used as evidence against you in immigration proceedings. The government must prove its case. You do not have to help them. ICE has broad power but remains bound by constitutional limits, including your Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.

If You Say…It Can Be Used To…
”I came from Mexico”Establish country of removal
”I crossed at the border”Prove manner of entry, enable expedited removal
”I’ve been here 5 years”Establish timeline, bar certain relief
”My cousin lives in Chicago”Target your family members
”I work at [business]“Raid your workplace, endanger coworkers
”I don’t have papers”Directly admit removability

Even “innocent” conversation can harm you. Casual talk with guards or other staff can be documented and used.

The only things to say:

  1. “I am exercising my right to remain silent.”
  2. “I want to speak with a lawyer.”
  3. “I do not consent to a search.”
  4. “I will not sign anything without a lawyer.”

Repeat these phrases. Do not elaborate. Do not explain.

They will try to make you talk:

They SayThe Truth
”It will go easier if you cooperate”Cooperation = giving them evidence
”We already know everything”If they did, they wouldn’t need you
”Just tell us where you’re from”This establishes removability
”Sign this and you can go home""Home” means deportation
”You don’t need a lawyer for this”You absolutely do
”Your friend already told us”Probably a lie to get you to talk
”We’re just trying to help you”They are not your friends

The psychological strength to remain silent is difficult but essential. Practice in your mind. Prepare your response. When questioned, retreat to your phrases.


ICE operates a work program that pays $1 per day — 1/60th of minimum wage — for up to 8 hours of labor. Despite being called “voluntary,” it is systematically coercive.

How they coerce participation:

  • Essential items (toothpaste, toilet paper, soap) only available through commissary
  • $1/day is the only income source
  • Refusal may trigger retaliation

Legal reality:

  • Washington State courts ordered GEO Group to pay $23 million for minimum wage violations
  • The Supreme Court will hear the case in 2025-26
  • You cannot legally be forced to work

Your rights:

  • Work is technically voluntary
  • Refusal should not result in punishment
  • Retaliation for refusal is illegal

Risks to understand:

  • Threats of solitary confinement
  • Loss of commissary access
  • Transfer to undesirable housing
  • Harassment from staff

If you refuse:

  1. State clearly: “I am declining to participate in the voluntary work program”
  2. Immediately document any threats or retaliation
  3. File a written grievance
  4. Report to oversight bodies (OIG, CRCL)
  5. Tell your lawyer

Documentation is power. Every retaliatory act you document becomes evidence in ongoing litigation and your own legal case.

Working for $1/day:

  • Enriches private prison companies
  • Subsidizes the detention system
  • Exploits your labor

Refusing:

  • Disrupts their operations
  • Maintains your dignity
  • Carries retaliation risk

Only you can make this decision. There is no shame in participating to survive. There is honor in refusing if you can bear the cost.


The grievance system exists because they are required to have one. Use it.

When to file:

  • Medical care denied or delayed
  • Threats or harassment from staff
  • Retaliation for exercising rights
  • Unsafe conditions
  • Religious practice denied
  • Legal access restricted
  • Any rights violation

How to file:

  1. You can present informal grievances orally to any staff member within 5 days
  2. If unresolved, request the formal written grievance form
  3. Be specific: dates, times, names, what happened
  4. Keep a copy of everything
  5. Follow up in writing if no response

Why this matters:

  • Creates official record of violations
  • Required for some legal remedies
  • Builds evidence for habeas petitions
  • Forces them to respond

Multiple agencies accept complaints. File with all of them.

AgencyHow to ContactWhat They Do
DHS Office of Inspector General (OIG)1-800-323-8603, oig.dhs.gov/hotlineInvestigates fraud, abuse, misconduct
DHS Civil Rights & Civil Liberties (CRCL)dhs.gov/file-civil-rights-complaintInvestigates civil rights violations
Immigration Detention Ombudsman (OIDO)dhs.gov/OIDOReviews detention conditions
ICE Office of Professional Responsibility1-833-4ICEOPR, ICEOPRIntake@ice.dhs.govInvestigates ICE employee misconduct

File through multiple channels simultaneously. Redundancy ensures your complaint is heard.

You have the right to your own file:

  • A-File (Alien File): Submit FOIA request to USCIS for your complete immigration history
  • Detention Records: Request medical records, incident reports, grievance responses
  • Notice to Appear: You must receive the charging document

Errors in your NTA (Notice to Appear) can be grounds for dismissal. Review it carefully.

According to ICE Detention Standards and the ERO National Detainee Handbook:

RightLegal Basis
Phone AccessDirect calls to courts, consulates, legal services must be permitted
Legal Visitation7 days/week; minimum 8 hours on business days; confidential
Legal MaterialsCannot be read by staff (only inspected); you may keep all legal documents
Religious PracticeReasonable accommodation required
Medical CareFederal law requires necessary medical care
Grievance ProcessRequired; must have formal process

Demand your rights. Document denials. File grievances.


Detention is designed to break your will. The monotony, isolation, uncertainty, and powerlessness are features, not bugs. Research shows severe mental health impacts from isolation:

  • 91% of isolated individuals experience anxiety
  • 77% experience chronic depression
  • 70% feel impending nervous breakdown

You must fight for your mental health as fiercely as you fight your legal case.

Without structure, time becomes formless and crushing. Create your own routine:

Daily Schedule (Example):

TimeActivity
WakeMake your bed, personal hygiene
MorningExercise (pushups, walking, stretching)
Mid-morningMental exercises, reading if available
AfternoonLegal preparation, letter writing
EveningSocial time with other detainees
NightReflection, planning, rest

The specific activities matter less than having a structure. Routine provides control in an environment designed to take it away.

Keep your mind sharp:

  • Memory exercises: Memorize phone numbers, addresses, your legal case details
  • Mental math: Calculate, count, solve problems
  • Language: Practice languages, expand vocabulary
  • Planning: Detailed plans for your case, your future, your family
  • Visualization: Picture your life after release in detail

Viktor Frankl, who survived Nazi concentration camps, wrote in Man’s Search for Meaning. Research on survival psychology confirms that prisoners who focused on future goals or personal values were more likely to survive psychologically and physically:

“Those who have a ‘why’ to live, can bear with almost any ‘how’.”

Find your why:

  • Your family waiting for you
  • Your case that must be fought
  • Your community that needs you
  • Your dignity that will not be broken
  • Your future that you will build

Focus on what you can control:

  • Your response to circumstances
  • Your adherence to your values
  • Your relationships with others
  • Your preparation for your case
  • Your resilience

If placed in solitary confinement:

Physical:

  • Exercise as much as space allows
  • Maintain sleep schedule
  • Track time (scratch marks, memorization)

Mental:

  • Recite things you’ve memorized
  • Tell yourself stories
  • Plan in detail
  • Talk to yourself (this is normal and healthy)

Know your limit: Solitary confinement exceeding 15 days is considered torture by UN standards. Document everything for legal action.


Collective strength exceeds individual strength. Organizing:

  • Improves conditions for everyone
  • Provides mutual support
  • Creates witnesses to abuses
  • Builds pressure for change

Every day:

  • Check on those who are struggling
  • Share information about rights and processes
  • Translate for those who don’t speak English
  • Share commissary with those who have nothing
  • Listen when someone needs to talk

Psychological support:

  • Remind each other: this is not the end
  • Celebrate small victories
  • Maintain hope collectively
  • Do not let anyone give up

Pool your knowledge:

  • Legal strategies that have worked
  • Rights that are being violated
  • Staff members to watch out for
  • How to file effective grievances
  • Contact information for lawyers and organizations

Create systems:

  • Designated people to track grievances
  • Shared legal resources
  • Communication networks
  • Documentation of abuses

Forms of organized resistance:

  • Work stoppages
  • Hunger strikes
  • Petitions
  • Coordinated grievances
  • Media exposure through outside contacts

Recent examples (2025): (Freedom for Immigrants)

  • 100+ detainees at California City Detention Facility engaged in sit-ins and hunger strikes
  • 19 migrants at Louisiana’s Angola prison began hunger strike for basic standards
  • 82 migrants at Mesa Verde and Golden State Annex facilities conducted hunger strikes

Understand the risks: (ACLU Documentation)

  • Retaliation is documented and severe
  • Organizers targeted for punishment
  • Solitary confinement used against leaders
  • Family visits cut off
  • Temperature manipulation, harassment

Risk assessment: Collective action can force improvements but carries serious personal cost. Weigh carefully based on your situation, your case, and your capacity.

Structure:

  • Designate spokespersons
  • Create documentation coordinators
  • Assign support roles
  • Maintain unity
  • Protect vulnerable individuals

Document everything:

  • Your demands
  • Their responses
  • All retaliatory actions
  • Names, dates, times

Get word outside:

  • Contact lawyers
  • Contact advocacy organizations
  • Contact media
  • Contact Freedom for Immigrants hotline: 209-757-3733

Federal law requires ICE to provide necessary medical care. However, documented neglect is widespread — ICE stopped paying third-party medical providers as of October 2025.

When you need medical attention:

  1. Request sick call in writing
  2. Document the request (date, time, who you told)
  3. Describe symptoms specifically
  4. Request to see a doctor, not just medical staff
  5. If denied, file grievance immediately
  6. Report to OIG and CRCL

Keep records of:

  • Every medical request
  • Every denial or delay
  • Symptoms and when they started
  • Any medications you need
  • Conditions that require treatment

Document and report:

  1. Written grievance to facility
  2. Report to DHS OIG: 1-800-323-8603
  3. Report to CRCL: dhs.gov/file-civil-rights-complaint
  4. Tell your lawyer immediately
  5. Tell your family to contact advocacy organizations

Medical neglect can be grounds for release. Documentation is evidence.


Your rights:

  • Direct calls (not collect) to immigration courts, appeals board, federal/state courts, consulates, legal services
  • Phone access cannot be completely denied

Challenges:

  • Expensive calling rates
  • Long waits
  • Automatic disconnection after short periods

Priorities for calls:

  1. Your lawyer
  2. Family member coordinating your case
  3. Advocacy organizations

Legal visits:

  • Permitted 7 days/week
  • Minimum 8 hours on business days, 4 hours on weekends
  • Must be confidential (no listening)
  • Your legal documents cannot be read by staff

Family visits:

  • Subject to facility rules
  • May be restricted as retaliation (document this)

Contact these organizations:

OrganizationWhat They DoContact
Freedom for ImmigrantsDetention visitation, hotline, advocacy209-757-3733
ACLU Immigrants’ RightsLegal advocacy, know your rightsaclu.org
National Immigrant Justice CenterLegal services, advocacyimmigrantjustice.org
Florence ProjectLegal services in detention (AZ)firrp.org
CLINICLegal services directorycliniclegal.org

Immigration detention is legally non-punitive — you have not been convicted of a crime. You are being held for civil immigration proceedings.

Do not internalize their treatment of you. The conditions are designed to dehumanize. Your humanity is not defined by their treatment.

You maintain your honor by:

  • Refusing to betray others
  • Exercising your rights
  • Supporting fellow detainees
  • Fighting your case
  • Not breaking under pressure
  • Maintaining your values

They cannot take from you:

  • Your integrity
  • Your dignity
  • Your spirit
  • Your identity
  • Your will to fight

Detention is a chapter, not the story.

Remember:

  • People fight their cases and win
  • Habeas petitions have 97% success rate
  • Legal challenges are being won
  • You will get out
  • Your family is waiting
  • Your community needs you

Focus forward. Every day in detention is one day closer to release.


I WILL SURVIVE THIS.
Today I will:
- Maintain my routine
- Exercise my body
- Exercise my mind
- Support a fellow detainee
- Document any violations
- Stay silent when questioned
- Remember why I'm fighting
I am not broken. I will not break.

“I am exercising my right to remain silent.” “I want to speak with a lawyer.”

Repeat. Do not elaborate.

ResourceContact
Freedom for Immigrants Hotline209-757-3733
DHS OIG Hotline1-800-323-8603
ICE OPR1-833-4ICEOPR
CLINIC Legal Directorycliniclegal.org



SourceDescription
CLINIC Court Watch - December 2025Federal immigration case updates; 97% habeas success rate data
American Immigration Council - Right to SilenceMiranda rights not required before ICE interrogation
The Conversation - ICE Constitutional LimitsFifth Amendment protections apply regardless of status
ICE Legal Access StandardsOfficial detention legal access requirements
ERO National Detainee HandbookOfficial detention standards and procedures
ICE Visitation StandardsLegal visitation requirements
American Immigration Council - Detention OversightOverview of detention oversight mechanisms
SourceDescription
OnLabor - Litigating ICE’s Voluntary Work ProgramLegal analysis of coercive $1/day work program
Washington State Standard - GEO Group $23M VerdictMinimum wage violation litigation
Newsweek - ICE $1/Day Pay Under ScrutinyCoverage of detention labor exploitation
CBS News - ICE Medical NeglectICE stopped paying medical providers October 2025
SourceDescription
Medical News Today - Solitary Confinement EffectsMental health impacts of isolation (91% anxiety, 77% depression)
British Psychological Society - Survival SecretsResearch on psychological survival in isolation
UN Mandela RulesSolitary >15 days considered torture
SourceDescription
Freedom for Immigrants - Hunger StrikesDocumentation of 2025 detention hunger strikes
ACLU - How ICE Abuses Hunger StrikersDocumented retaliation against organizers
SourceDescription
Frazier v. Cupp (1969)Supreme Court ruling allowing police deception
Innocence Project - Police Deception29% of DNA exonerations involved false confessions
Reid Technique - WikipediaStandard interrogation method and its problems
Seattle University - Reid Technique & False ConfessionsAcademic analysis of interrogation-induced false confessions
NY State Bar - Deception in InterrogationLegal analysis of permissible deception
SourceDescription
Prisoner’s Dilemma - WikipediaOverview of the game theory model
Stanford Encyclopedia - Prisoner’s DilemmaComprehensive philosophical analysis
Axelrod’s Tournament - StanfordTit-for-Tat strategy research
University of Michigan - Prisoner’s DilemmaRobert Axelrod’s tournament results
SourceDescription
Stanford Prison Experiment - Simply PsychologyOverview of original 1971 study
SPE Debunked - The ConversationCritical analysis revealing methodological flaws
BBC Prison Study2002 replication showing resistance through solidarity
Le Texier (2019) - Debunking SPEArchival research exposing researcher manipulation
SourceDescription
SERE Training - WikipediaOverview of resistance training principles
Code of Conduct - WikipediaPrinciples for maintaining integrity under pressure
Remaining Silent During Interrogation - PMCResearch on silence as resistance strategy
Camping Survival - Psychological EnduranceTechniques for mental endurance in crisis
Viktor Frankl, Man’s Search for MeaningFoundational text on surviving captivity through purpose
AgencyContactPurpose
DHS Office of Inspector General1-800-323-8603Fraud, abuse, misconduct
DHS Civil Rights & Civil LibertiesOnline formCivil rights violations
Immigration Detention OmbudsmanOnline formDetention conditions
ICE Office of Professional Responsibility1-833-4ICEOPRICE employee misconduct